Marvin Bergsneider, M.D.

Professor, Surgery Member, Brain Research Institute Comprehensive Brain Tumor Program Neuroengineering Training Program Pituitary Tumor and Neuroendocrine Program

0000-0001-6423-5480

mbergsneider@mednet.ucla.edu

(310) 206-4100

UCLA NeurSug
BOX 957039, Semel 18-246
Los Angeles, CA 90095
UNITED STATES

Website

Lab Website

Biography

Direct Patient Care Phone Number: (310) 206-4100

Publications

Kuan EC, Talati V, Patel JA, Nguyen TV, Abiri A, Pang JC, Goshtasbi K, Liu L, Craig JR, Papagiannopoulos P, Phillips KM, Tajudeen BA, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Sedaghat AR, Wang EW, Anand V, Batra PS, Bergsneider M, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Bleier BS, Cappabianca P, Carrau RL, Casiano RR, Castelnuovo P, Cavallo LM, Cohen MA, Dallan I, Eloy JA, El-Sayed IH, Evans JJ, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Ferrari M, Froelich S, Gardner PA, Georgalas C, Gray ST, Hanna EY, Harvey RJ, Hong SD, Hwang PH, Kelly DF, Kong DS, Lan MY, Lee JYK, Levine CG, Liu JK, Locatelli D, Meço C, McKean EL, Nicolai P, Nyquist GG, Omura K, Passeri T, Patel ZM, Celda MP, Neto CP, Rabinowitz MR, Rabinowitz MR, Raza SM, Recinos PF, Rosen MR, Sargi ZB, Schlosser RJ, Schwartz TH, Sindwani R, Snyderman CH, Stamm AC, Thorp BD, Turri-Zanoni M, Wang MB, Wang WH, Witterick IJ, Won TB, Woodworth BA, Wormald PJ, Zada G, Su SY. Expert Strategies: Skull Base Reconstruction-Global Perspectives, Insights, and Algorithms through a MixedMethods Approach.. International forum of allergy & rhinology, 2025.
Salcedo-Sifuentes JE, Shih R, Heaney AP, Bergsneider M, Wang MB, Donangelo I, Lee J, Delery W, Karsy M, Kshettry VR, Yuen KCJ, Evans JJ, Barkhoudarian G, Pacione DR, Gardner PA, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Benjamin C, Zada G, Rennert RC, Silverstein JM, Chicoine MR, Kim J, Li G, Little AS, Kim W. Cushing's Disease Clinical Phenotype and Tumor Behavior Vary with Age: Diagnostic and Perioperative Implications.. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025.
Johnson JN, Teton ZE, Lee JE, Bergsneider M, Srinivasan VM, Colby GP, Wang AC, Kan P. The human craniospinal venous system and its influence on postural intracranial pressure: a review.. Journal of neurosurgery, 2024.
Zhang D, Hugo W, Bergsneider M, Wang MB, Kim W, Han K, Vinters HV, Heaney AP. Cabergoline targets multiple pathways to inhibit PRL secretion and increases stromal fibrosis.. European journal of endocrinology, 2024.
Abiri A, Bitner BF, Nguyen TV, Pang JC, Roman KM, Vasudev M, Chung DD, Tripathi SH, Harris JC, Kosaraju N, Shih RM, Ko M, Miller JE, Douglas JE, Lee DJ, Eide JG, Kshirsagar RS, Phillips KM, Sedaghat AR, Bergsneider M, Wang MB, Palmer JN, Adappa ND, Hsu FPK, Kuan EC. Clinical and technical factors in endoscopic skull base surgery associated with reconstructive success.. Rhinology, 2024.
Miller JE, Chung HR, Uy BR, Kosaraju N, Shih RM, Ko M, Esswein SR, Abiri A, Khosravi P, Huck N, Nguyen CH, Hsu T, Kim MG, Hsu FPK, Kim W, Lee JK, Suh JD, Bergsneider M, Kuan EC, Wang MB. Comparison of patient-reported outcomes and clinical characteristics among patients with pituitary macroadenomas and giant adenomas.. International forum of allergy & rhinology, 2024.
Liu S, Patel KS, Peeters S, Lin J, DiRisio AC, Vinters HV, Candler RN, Sung K, Bergsneider M. Flexible in-cavity MRI receiving coil for ultra-high-resolution imaging of the pituitary gland.. Journal of neurosurgery, 2023.
Cho NS, Sanvito F, Thakuria S, Wang C, Hagiwara A, Nagaraj R, Oshima S, Lopez Kolkovsky AL, Lu J, Raymond C, Liau LM, Everson RG, Patel KS, Kim W, Yang I, Bergsneider M, Nghiemphu PL, Lai A, Nathanson DA, Cloughesy TF, Ellingson BM. Multi-nuclear sodium, diffusion, and perfusion MRI in human gliomas.. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2023.
Hebert AM, Kuan EC, Wang MB, Snyderman CH, Gardner PA, Bergsneider M, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Wang EW. An Algorithm for the Use of Free Tissue Graft Reconstruction in the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Pituitary Tumors.. World neurosurgery, 2023.
Zhang H, Peeters S, Vengorivich G, Antoury L, Park KW, Wells C, Suh JD, Lee JT, Heaney A, Bergsneider M, Kim W, Wang MB. Risk Factors Associated with Postoperative CSF Leak in Extrasellar Tumors.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2023.
Yang Y, Babayan L, Mirzakhanian A, Sisliyan N, Zhang D, Hurtado C, Zahid A, Bergsneider M, Kim W, Wang MB, Heaney AP. Circulating FK506 binding protein 51 mRNA expression in patients with pituitary adenomas.. Heliyon, 2023.
Samarage HM, Kim WJ, Zarrin DA, Goel K, Kim W, Bergsneider M, Wang MB, Suh JD, Lee JT, Colby GP, Johnson JN, Peacock WJ, Wang AC. Endoscope-Assisted Pedicled Maxillary Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass: An Anatomic Feasibility Study.. Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.), 2022.
Harary M, Bommakanti KK, Nakhla MN, Kosaraju N, Heaney AP, Kim W, Lee JT, Suh JD, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Audit of Postoperative Readmissions and Patient Messages following Endoscopic Transnasal Transsphenoidal Surgery.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2022.
Zhang D, Hugo W, Bergsneider M, Wang MB, Kim W, Vinters HV, Heaney AP. Single-cell RNA sequencing in silent corticotroph tumors confirms impaired POMC processing and provides new insights into their invasive behavior.. European journal of endocrinology, 2022.
Krawczyk MC, Haney JR, Pan L, Caneda C, Khankan RR, Reyes SD, Chang JW, Morselli M, Vinters HV, Wang AC, Cobos I, Gandal MJ, Bergsneider M, Kim W, Liau LM, Yong W, Jalali A, Deneen B, Grant GA, Mathern GW, Fallah A, Zhang Y. Human Astrocytes Exhibit Tumor Microenvironment-, Age-, and Sex-Related Transcriptomic Signatures.. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2022.
Wu TJ, Kianian R, Villalpando EG, Nakhla MN, Wells C, Heaney AP, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Opiate Use After Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery.. American journal of rhinology & allergy, 2021.
Nakhla MN, Wu TJ, Villalpando EG, Kianian R, Heaney AP, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Perioperative Antibiotic Use in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2021.
Carle TR, Wung V, Heaney AP, Chiu HK, Suh JD, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Sinonasal Symptom Outcomes following Endoscopic Anterior Cranial Base Surgery in the Pediatric Population.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2021.
Zhang D, Hugo W, Redublo P, Miao H, Bergsneider M, Wang MB, Kim W, Yong WH, Heaney AP. A human ACTH-secreting corticotroph tumoroid model: Novel Human ACTH-Secreting Tumor Cell in vitro Model.. EBioMedicine, 2021.
Zhang D, Damoiseaux R, Babayan L, Rivera-Meza EK, Yang Y, Bergsneider M, Wang MB, Yong WH, Kelly K, Heaney AP. Targeting Corticotroph HDAC and PI3-Kinase in Cushing Disease.. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021.
Wu TJ, Chen A, Wells C, Heaney AP, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Sinonasal Quality of Life Outcomes after Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery with Posterior Septum Free Mucosal Graft Reconstruction.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2020.
Harary M, Bergsneider M. Letter: Approaches to Mitigate Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Neurosurgical Residency Application Cycle.. Neurosurgery, 2020.
Udawatta M, Preet K, Lagman C, French AM, Bruton C, Bergsneider M, Chung L, Romiyo P, Macyszyn L, Yang I. United States Medical Licensing Examination step 2 scores do not predict American Board of Neurological Surgery scores: A single-institution experience.. Journal of the neurological sciences, 2019.
Vengerovich G, Park KW, Antoury L, Wells C, Suh JD, Lee JT, Heaney AP, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Readmissions after endoscopic skull base surgery: associated risk factors and prevention.. International forum of allergy & rhinology, 2019.
Lai NB, Garg D, Heaney AP, Bergsneider M, Leung AM. NO BENEFIT OF DEDICATED THYROID NODULE SCREENING IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY.. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2019.
Uy B, Wilson B, Kim WJ, Prashant G, Bergsneider M. Visual Outcomes After Pituitary Surgery.. Neurosurgery clinics of North America, 2019.
Maletkovic J, Dabbagh A, Zhang D, Zahid A, Bergsneider M, Wang MB, Linetsky M, Salamon N, Yong WH, Vinters HV, Heaney AP. Residual Tumor Confers a 10-Fold Increased Risk of Regrowth in Clinically Nonfunctioning Pituitary Tumors.. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2019.
Zhang D, Way JS, Zhang X, Sergey M, Bergsneider M, Wang MB, Yong WH, Heaney AP. Effect of Everolimus in Treatment of Aggressive Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas.. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2019.
Patel KS, Shu Chen J, Yuan F, Attiah M, Wilson B, Wang MB, Bergsneider M, Kim W. Prediction of post-operative delayed hyponatremia after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery.. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2019.
Hamilton RB, Scalzo F, Baldwin K, Dorn A, Vespa P, Hu X, Bergsneider M. Opposing CSF hydrodynamic trends found in the cerebral aqueduct and prepontine cistern following shunt treatment in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus.. Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 2019.
Ference EH, Badran KW, Kuan EC, Bergsneider M, Heaney AP, Wang MB. Bioabsorbable Steroid Eluting Stents in the Treatment of Recurrent Rathke's Cleft Cyst.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2018.
Yoo F, Kuan EC, Heaney AP, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Corticotrophic pituitary carcinoma with cervical metastases: case series and literature review.. Pituitary, 2018.
Kepe V, Scafoglio C, Liu J, Yong WH, Bergsneider M, Huang SC, Barrio JR, Wright EM. Positron emission tomography of sodium glucose cotransport activity in high grade astrocytomas.. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2018.
Yoo F, Chan C, Kuan EC, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Comparison of Male and Female Prolactinoma Patients Requiring Surgical Intervention.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2017.
Kuan EC, Yoo F, Chyu J, Oh A, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Quality of Life before and after Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery as Measured by the Short-Form-36.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2017.
Niu T, Tucker AM, Nagasawa DT, Bergsneider M. Solitary Aggregatibacter aphrophilus tectal abscess in an immunocompetent patient.. Surgical neurology international, 2017.
Chen CJ, Ironside N, Pomeraniec IJ, Chivukula S, Buell TJ, Ding D, Taylor DG, Dallapiazza RF, Lee CC, Bergsneider M. Microsurgical versus endoscopic transsphenoidal resection for acromegaly: a systematic review of outcomes and complications.. Acta neurochirurgica, 2017.
Kuan EC, Yoo F, Patel PB, Su BM, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. An Algorithm for Sellar Reconstruction Following the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach: A Review of 300 Consecutive Cases.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2017.
Dehghan Harati M, Yu A, Magaki SD, Perez-Rosendahl M, Im K, Park YK, Bergsneider M, Yong WH. Clinicopathologic features and pathogenesis of melanocytic colonization in atypical meningioma.. Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology, 2017.
Kuan EC, Peng KA, Suh JD, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Otolaryngic manifestations of Cushing disease.. Ear, nose, & throat journal, 2017.
Shabihkhani M, Telesca D, Movassaghi M, Naeini YB, Naeini KM, Hojat SA, Gupta D, Lucey GM, Ontiveros M, Wang MW, Hanna LS, Sanchez DE, Mareninov S, Khanlou N, Vinters HV, Bergsneider M, Nghiemphu PL, Lai A, Liau LM, Cloughesy TF, Yong WH. Incidence, survival, pathology, and genetics of adult Latino Americans with glioblastoma.. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2017.
Yoo F, Kuan EC, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Free Mucosal Graft Reconstruction of the Septum after Nasoseptal Flap Harvest: A Novel Technique Using a Posterior Septal Free Mucosal Graft.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2016.
Nagasawa DT, Beckett JS, Lagman C, Chung LK, Schmidt B, Safaee M, Bergsneider M, Martin N, Gaonkar B, Macyszyn L, Yang I. United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Scores Directly Correlate with American Board of Neurological Surgery Scores: A Single-Institution Experience.. World neurosurgery, 2016.
Zhang D, Bergsneider M, Wang MB, Heaney AP. Targeting the ERK pathway for the treatment of Cushing's disease.. Oncotarget, 2016.
Yoo F, Wang MB, Bergsneider M, Suh JD. Single Layer Repair of Large Anterior Skull Base Defects without Vascularized Mucosal Flap.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2016.
Kuan EC, Yoo F, Chyu J, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Treatment Outcomes of Rathke's Cleft Cysts Managed with Marsupialization.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2016.
Kuan EC, Yoo F, Kim W, Badran KW, Heineman TE, Sepahdari AR, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Anatomic Variations in Pituitary Endocrinopathies: Implications for the Surgical Corridor.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2016.
Chivukula S, Everson R, Linetsky M, Heaney A, Bonelli L, Wang MB, Bergsneider M. Challenging Diagnosis and Surgical Management of a Symptomatic Sellar Spine.. World neurosurgery, 2016.
Hamilton R, Fuller J, Baldwin K, Vespa P, Hu X, Bergsneider M. Relative Position of the Third Characteristic Peak of the Intracranial Pressure Pulse Waveform Morphology Differentiates Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus Shunt Responders and Nonresponders.. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2016.
Wong KP, Bergsneider M, Glenn TC, Kepe V, Barrio JR, Hovda DA, Vespa PM, Huang SC. A semi-automated workflow solution for multimodal neuroimaging: application to patients with traumatic brain injury.. Brain informatics, 2015.
Heaney AP, Sumerel B, Rajalingam R, Bergsneider M, Yong WH, Liau LM. HLA Markers DQ8 and DR53 Are Associated With Lymphocytic Hypophysitis and May Aid in Differential Diagnosis.. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2015.
Choy W, Terterov S, Ung N, Kaprealian T, Trang A, DeSalles A, Chung LK, Martin N, Selch M, Bergsneider M, Yong W, Yang I. Adjuvant Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Intracranial Chordomas.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2015.
Choy W, Terterov S, Kaprealian TB, Trang A, Ung N, DeSalles A, Chung LK, Martin N, Selch M, Bergsneider M, Vinters HV, Yong WH, Yang I. Predictors of recurrence following resection of intracranial chordomas.. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2015.
Kuan EC, Peng KA, Kita AE, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Acromegaly: otolaryngic manifestations following pituitary surgery.. American journal of otolaryngology, 2015.
Kuan EC, Diaz MF, Chiu AG, Bergsneider M, Wang MB, Suh JD. Sinonasal and skull base pleomorphic adenoma: a case series and literature review.. International forum of allergy & rhinology, 2015.
McLaughlin N, Martin NA, Upadhyaya P, Bari AA, Buxey F, Wang MB, Heaney AP, Bergsneider M. Assessing the cost of contemporary pituitary care.. Neurosurgical focus, 2014.
Tajudeen BA, Mundi J, Suh JD, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Endoscopic endonasal surgery for recurrent pituitary tumors: technical challenges to the surgical approach.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2014.
Tajudeen BA, Arshi A, Suh JD, Palma-Diaz MF, Bergsneider M, Abemayor E, St John M, Wang MB. Esthesioneuroblastoma: an update on the UCLA experience, 2002-2013.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2014.
Buchanan CC, Hernandez EA, Anderson JM, Dye JA, Leung M, Buxey F, Bergsneider M, Afsar-Manesh N, Pouratian N, Martin NA. Analysis of 30-day readmissions among neurosurgical patients: surgical complication avoidance as key to quality improvement.. Journal of neurosurgery, 2014.
Lee H, Kolahi K, Bergsneider M, Judy JW. Mechanical Evaluation of Unobstructing Magnetic Microactuators for Implantable Ventricular Catheters.. Journal of microelectromechanical systems : a joint IEEE and ASME publication on microstructures, microactuators, microsensors, and microsystems, 2014.
Bergsneider M, Heaney AP, Lee JY. Editorial: pituitary tumors.. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2014.
Bergsneider M, Mirsadraei L, Yong WH, Salamon N, Linetsky M, Wang MB, McArthur DL, Heaney AP. The pituitary stalk effect: is it a passing phenomenon?. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2014.
Lee H, Xu Q, Shellock FG, Bergsneider M, Judy JW. Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging issues for implantable microfabricated magnetic actuators.. Biomedical microdevices, 2014.
Lee JY, Bohman LE, Bergsneider M. Contemporary neurosurgical techniques for pituitary tumor resection.. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2013.
Thompson CF, Suh JD, Liu Y, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Modifications to the endoscopic approach for anterior skull base lesions improve postoperative sinonasal symptoms.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2013.
Deconde AS, Sanaiha Y, Suh JD, Bhuta S, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Metastatic disease to the clivus mimicking clival chordomas.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2013.
Deconde AS, Vira D, Thompson CF, Wang MB, Bergsneider M, Suh JD. Radiologic assessment of the paranasal sinuses after endoscopic skull base surgery.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2013.
Du L, Bergsneider M, Mirsadraei L, Young SH, Jonker JW, Downes M, Yong WH, Evans RM, Heaney AP. Evidence for orphan nuclear receptor TR4 in the etiology of Cushing disease.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013.
Cutler AR, Mundi JS, Solomon N, Suh JD, Wang MB, Bergsneider M. Critical appraisal of extent of resection of clival lesions using the expanded endoscopic endonasal approach.. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base, 2013.
Wu HM, Huang SC, Vespa P, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M. Redefining the pericontusional penumbra following traumatic brain injury: evidence of deteriorating metabolic derangements based on positron emission tomography.. Journal of neurotrauma, 2013.
Thompson CF, Wang MB, Kim BJ, Bergsneider M, Suh JD. Incidence and management of epistaxis after endoscopic skull base surgery.. ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties, 2012.
Appel JG, Bergsneider M, Vinters H, Salamon N, Wang MB, Heaney AP. Acromegaly due to an ectopic pituitary adenoma in the clivus: case report and review of literature.. Pituitary, 2012.
Asgari S, Gonzalez N, Subudhi AW, Hamilton R, Vespa P, Bergsneider M, Roach RC, Hu X. Continuous detection of cerebral vasodilatation and vasoconstriction using intracranial pulse morphological template matching.. PloS one, 2012.
Kim S, Hamilton R, Pineles S, Bergsneider M, Hu X. Noninvasive intracranial hypertension detection utilizing semisupervised learning.. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2012.
Hu X, Gonzalez N, Bergsneider M. Steady-state indicators of the intracranial pressure dynamic system using geodesic distance of the ICP pulse waveform.. Physiological measurement, 2012.
Hamilton R, Baldwin K, Fuller J, Vespa P, Hu X, Bergsneider M. Intracranial pressure pulse waveform correlates with aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid stroke volume.. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2012.
Bergsneider M, Xue K, Suh JD, Wang MB. Barrier-limited multimodality closure for reconstruction of wide sellar openings.. Neurosurgery, 2012.
Moin T, Bergsneider M, Vespa P, Heaney AP. Pituitary function in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus before and after neurosurgical correction.. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012.
Han JY, Mirsadraei L, Yeh MW, Suh JD, Yong WH, Bergsneider M, Heaney AP. Bilateral adrenalectomy: lifesaving procedure in severe Cushing syndrome.. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2012.
Scalzo F, Bergsneider M, Vespa PM, Martin NA, Hu X. Intracranial pressure signal morphology: real-time tracking.. IEEE pulse, 2012.
Kasprowicz M, Bergsneider M, Czosnyka M, Hu X. Association between ICP pulse waveform morphology and ICP B waves.. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2012.
Hu X, Hamilton R, Baldwin K, Vespa PM, Bergsneider M. Automated extraction of decision rules for predicting lumbar drain outcome by analyzing overnight intracranial pressure.. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2012.
Asgari S, Vespa PM, Bergsneider M, Hu X. Latency relationships between cerebral blood flow velocity and intracranial pressure.. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2012.
Hamilton R, Dye J, Frew A, Baldwin K, Hu X, Bergsneider M. Quantification of pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid flow within the prepontine cistern.. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2012.
Hamilton RB, Baldwin K, Vespa P, Bergsneider M, Hu X. Subpeak regional analysis of intracranial pressure waveform morphology based on cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics in the cerebral aqueduct and prepontine cistern.. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference, 2012.
Scalzo F, Asgari S, Kim S, Bergsneider M, Hu X. Bayesian tracking of intracranial pressure signal morphology.. Artificial intelligence in medicine, 2011.
Asgari S, Vespa P, Bergsneider M, Hu X. Lack of consistent intracranial pressure pulse morphological changes during episodes of microdialysis lactate/pyruvate ratio increase.. Physiological measurement, 2011.
Asgari S, Bergsneider M, Hamilton R, Vespa P, Hu X. Consistent changes in intracranial pressure waveform morphology induced by acute hypercapnic cerebral vasodilatation.. Neurocritical care, 2011.
Brandling-Bennett EM, Bookheimer SY, Horsfall JL, Moftakhar P, Sedrak M, Barkulis CT, Gertsch JH, MacDougall MG, Boucharel W, Nuwer MR, Bergsneider M. A paradigm for awake intraoperative memory mapping during forniceal stimulation.. Neurocase, 2011.
Lee SA, Lee H, Pinney JR, Khialeeva E, Bergsneider M, Judy JW. Development of Microfabricated Magnetic Actuators for Removing Cellular Occlusion.. Journal of micromechanics and microengineering : structures, devices, and systems, 2011.
Asgari S, Subudhi AW, Roach RC, Liebeskind DS, Bergsneider M, Hu X. An extended model of intracranial latency facilitates non-invasive detection of cerebrovascular changes.. Journal of neuroscience methods, 2011.
Kim S, Bergsneider M, Hu X. A systematic study of linear dynamic modeling of intracranial pressure dynamics.. Physiological measurement, 2011.
Kim S, Hu X, McArthur D, Hamilton R, Bergsneider M, Glenn T, Martin N, Vespa P. Inter-subject correlation exists between morphological metrics of cerebral blood flow velocity and intracranial pressure pulses.. Neurocritical care, 2010.
Kim S, Scalzo F, Bergsneider M, Vespa P, Martin N, Hu X. Noninvasive intracranial pressure assessment based on a data-mining approach using a nonlinear mapping function.. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2010.
Scalzo F, Asgari S, Kim S, Bergsneider M, Hu X. Robust peak recognition in intracranial pressure signals.. Biomedical engineering online, 2010.
Yang I, Kim W, De Salles A, Bergsneider M. A systematic analysis of disease control in acromegaly treated with radiosurgery.. Neurosurgical focus, 2010.
Yang I, Wang MB, Bergsneider M. Making the transition from microsurgery to endoscopic trans-sphenoidal pituitary neurosurgery.. Neurosurgery clinics of North America, 2010.
Balaker AE, Bergsneider M, Martin NA, Wang MB. Evolution of sinonasal symptoms following endoscopic anterior skull base surgery.. Skull base : official journal of North American Skull Base Society ... [et al.], 2010.
Kasprowicz M, Asgari S, Bergsneider M, Czosnyka M, Hamilton R, Hu X. Pattern recognition of overnight intracranial pressure slow waves using morphological features of intracranial pressure pulse.. Journal of neuroscience methods, 2010.
Hu X, Xu P, Asgari S, Vespa P, Bergsneider M. Forecasting ICP elevation based on prescient changes of intracranial pressure waveform morphology.. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2010.
Hu X, Glenn T, Scalzo F, Bergsneider M, Sarkiss C, Martin N, Vespa P. Intracranial pressure pulse morphological features improved detection of decreased cerebral blood flow.. Physiological measurement, 2010.
Sung A, Bergsneider M, Wang MB. Transnasal endoscopic surgery of the cavernous sinus for tissue diagnosis.. The Laryngoscope, 2010.
Lee H, Xu Q, Ephrati J, Bergsneider M, Judy JW. MRI compatibility of microfabricated magnetic actuators for implantable catheters: Mechanical evaluations.. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference, 2010.
Hu X, Xu P, Wu S, Asgari S, Bergsneider M. A data mining framework for time series estimation.. Journal of biomedical informatics, 2009.
Asgari S, Bergsneider M, Hu X. A robust approach toward recognizing valid arterial-blood-pressure pulses.. IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009.
Asgari S, Xu P, Bergsneider M, Hu X. A subspace decomposition approach toward recognizing valid pulsatile signals.. Physiological measurement, 2009.
Xu P, Kasprowicz M, Bergsneider M, Hu X. Improved noninvasive intracranial pressure assessment with nonlinear kernel regression.. IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009.
Scalzo F, Xu P, Asgari S, Bergsneider M, Hu X. Regression analysis for peak designation in pulsatile pressure signals.. Medical & biological engineering & computing, 2009.
Hu X, Subudhi AW, Xu P, Asgari S, Roach RC, Bergsneider M. Inferring cerebrovascular changes from latencies of systemic and intracranial pulses: a model-based latency subtraction algorithm.. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2009.
Hamilton R, Xu P, Asgari S, Kasprowicz M, Vespa P, Bergsneider M, Hu X. Forecasting intracranial pressure elevation using pulse waveform morphology.. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference, 2009.
Lam S, Batzdorf U, Bergsneider M. Thecal shunt placement for treatment of obstructive primary syringomyelia.. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine, 2008.
Hu X, Xu P, Scalzo F, Vespa P, Bergsneider M. Morphological clustering and analysis of continuous intracranial pressure.. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2008.
Xu P, Bergsneider M, Hu X. Pulse onset detection using neighbor pulse-based signal enhancement.. Medical engineering & physics, 2008.
Lai A, Filka E, McGibbon B, Nghiemphu PL, Graham C, Yong WH, Mischel P, Liau LM, Bergsneider M, Pope W, Selch M, Cloughesy T. Phase II pilot study of bevacizumab in combination with temozolomide and regional radiation therapy for up-front treatment of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme: interim analysis of safety and tolerability.. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2008.
Hu X, Xu P, Lee DJ, Vespa P, Baldwin K, Bergsneider M. An algorithm for extracting intracranial pressure latency relative to electrocardiogram R wave.. Physiological measurement, 2008.
Langevin JP, Bergsneider M, Yashar P, Makary RF. Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and large B-cell central nervous system lymphoma: a case report.. Surgical neurology, 2008.
Bergsneider M, Miller C, Vespa PM, Hu X. Surgical management of adult hydrocephalus.. Neurosurgery, 2008.
Cloughesy TF, Yoshimoto K, Nghiemphu P, Brown K, Dang J, Zhu S, Hsueh T, Chen Y, Wang W, Youngkin D, Liau L, Martin N, Becker D, Bergsneider M, Lai A, Green R, Oglesby T, Koleto M, Trent J, Horvath S, Mischel PS, Mellinghoff IK, Sawyers CL. Antitumor activity of rapamycin in a Phase I trial for patients with recurrent PTEN-deficient glioblastoma.. PLoS medicine, 2008.
Lee SA, Pinney JR, Khialeeva E, Bergsneider M, Judy JW. Functional evaluation of magnetic microactuators for removing biological accumulation: an in vitro study.. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference, 2008.
Hu X, Xu P, Lee DJ, Paul V, Bergsneider M. Morphological changes of intracranial pressure pulses are correlated with acute dilatation of ventricles.. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2008.
Scalzo F, Xu P, Bergsneider M, Hu X. Nonlinear regression for sub-peak detection of intracranial pressure signals.. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference, 2008.
Dusick JR, McArthur DL, Bergsneider M. Success and complication rates of endoscopic third ventriculostomy for adult hydrocephalus: a series of 108 patients.. Surgical neurology, 2008.
Xu P, Scalzo F, Bergsneider M, Vespa P, Chad M, Hu X. Wavelet entropy characterization of elevated intracranial pressure.. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference, 2008.
Williams MA, McAllister JP, Walker ML, Kranz DA, Bergsneider M, Del Bigio MR, Fleming L, Frim DM, Gwinn K, Kestle JR, Luciano MG, Madsen JR, Oster-Granite ML, Spinella G. Priorities for hydrocephalus research: report from a National Institutes of Health-sponsored workshop.. Journal of neurosurgery, 2007.
Hu X, Miller C, Vespa P, Bergsneider M. Adaptive computation of approximate entropy and its application in integrative analysis of irregularity of heart rate variability and intracranial pressure signals.. Medical engineering & physics, 2007.
Hu X, Nenov V, Vespa P, Bergsneider M. Characterization of interdependency between intracranial pressure and heart variability signals: a causal spectral measure and a generalized synchronization measure.. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2007.
Upchurch K, Raifu M, Bergsneider M. Endoscope-assisted placement of a multiperforated shunt catheter into the fourth ventricle via a frontal transventricular approach.. Neurosurgical focus, 2007.
Hu X, Nenov V, Bergsneider M, Glenn TC, Vespa P, Martin N. Estimation of hidden state variables of the Intracranial system using constrained nonlinear Kalman filters.. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2007.
Hebb MO, McArthur DL, Alger J, Etchepare M, Glenn TC, Bergsneider M, Martin N, Vespa PM. Impaired percent alpha variability on continuous electroencephalography is associated with thalamic injury and predicts poor long-term outcome after human traumatic brain injury.. Journal of neurotrauma, 2007.
Bergsneider M. Complete microsurgical resection of colloid cysts with a dual-port endoscopic technique.. Neurosurgery, 2007.
Vespa P, Boonyaputthikul R, McArthur DL, Miller C, Etchepare M, Bergsneider M, Glenn T, Martin N, Hovda D. Intensive insulin therapy reduces microdialysis glucose values without altering glucose utilization or improving the lactate/pyruvate ratio after traumatic brain injury.. Critical care medicine, 2006.
Bergsneider M, Egnor MR, Johnston M, Kranz D, Madsen JR, McAllister JP, Stewart C, Walker ML, Williams MA. What we don't (but should) know about hydrocephalus.. Journal of neurosurgery, 2006.
Hu X, Nenov V, Glenn TC, Steiner LA, Czosnyka M, Bergsneider M, Martin N. Nonlinear analysis of cerebral hemodynamic and intracranial pressure signals for characterization of autoregulation.. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2006.
Hu X, Nenov V, Bergsneider M. Integrative analysis of intracranial pressure and R-R interval signals: a study of ICP B-wave using causal coherence.. Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2006.
Lee SA, Vasquez DJ, Bergsneider M, Judy JW. Magnetic microactuators for MEMS-enabled ventricular catheters for hydrocephalus.. Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2006.
Marmarou A, Bergsneider M, Relkin N, Klinge P, Black PM. Development of guidelines for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: introduction.. Neurosurgery, 2005.
Relkin N, Marmarou A, Klinge P, Bergsneider M, Black PM. Diagnosing idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus.. Neurosurgery, 2005.
Klinge P, Marmarou A, Bergsneider M, Relkin N, Black PM. Outcome of shunting in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus and the value of outcome assessment in shunted patients.. Neurosurgery, 2005.
Bergsneider M, Black PM, Klinge P, Marmarou A, Relkin N. Surgical management of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus.. Neurosurgery, 2005.
Marmarou A, Bergsneider M, Klinge P, Relkin N, Black PM. The value of supplemental prognostic tests for the preoperative assessment of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus.. Neurosurgery, 2005.
Hu X, Alwan AA, Rubinstein EH, Bergsneider M. Reduction of compartment compliance increases venous flow pulsatility and lowers apparent vascular compliance: implications for cerebral blood flow hemodynamics.. Medical engineering & physics, 2005.
Chen W, Cloughesy T, Kamdar N, Satyamurthy N, Bergsneider M, Liau L, Mischel P, Czernin J, Phelps ME, Silverman DH. Imaging proliferation in brain tumors with 18F-FLT PET: comparison with 18F-FDG.. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2005.
Vespa P, Bergsneider M, Hattori N, Wu HM, Huang SC, Martin NA, Glenn TC, McArthur DL, Hovda DA. Metabolic crisis without brain ischemia is common after traumatic brain injury: a combined microdialysis and positron emission tomography study.. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2005.
Hu X, Nenov V, Vespa P, Bergsneider M. Estimation of hidden state variables of the intracranial system using constrained nonlinear Kalman filters.. Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2005.
Marmarou A, Black P, Bergsneider M, Klinge P, Relkin N, International NPH Consultant Group. Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: progress to date.. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2005.
Bergsneider M. Hydrocephalus: new theories and new shunts?. Clinical neurosurgery, 2005.
Bergsneider M, Sehati N, Villablanca P, McArthur DL, Becker DP, Liau LM. Mahaley Clinical Research Award: extent of glioma resection using low-field (0.2 T) versus high-field (1.5 T) intraoperative MRI and image-guided frameless neuronavigation.. Clinical neurosurgery, 2005.
Hu X, Nenov V, Bergsneider M. Phase Coordination between Intracranial Pressure and Electrocardiogram Signals.. Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2005.
Wu HM, Huang SC, Hattori N, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M. Subcortical white matter metabolic changes remote from focal hemorrhagic lesions suggest diffuse injury after human traumatic brain injury.. Neurosurgery, 2004.
Bergsneider M, Yang I, Hu X, McArthur DL, Cook SW, Boscardin WJ. Relationship between valve opening pressure, body position, and intracranial pressure in normal pressure hydrocephalus: paradigm for selection of programmable valve pressure setting.. Neurosurgery, 2004.
Hattori N, Bergsneider M, Wu HM, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, Hovda DA, Phelps ME, Huang SC. Accuracy of a method using short inhalation of (15)O-O(2) for measuring cerebral oxygen extraction fraction with PET in healthy humans.. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2004.
Hattori N, Huang SC, Wu HM, Liao W, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, Phelps ME, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M. Acute changes in regional cerebral (18)F-FDG kinetics in patients with traumatic brain injury.. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2004.
Vespa P, McArthur DL, Alger J, O'Phelan K, Hattori N, Wu C, Glenn T, Bergsneider M, Martin NA, Hovda DA. Regional heterogeneity of post-traumatic brain metabolism as studied by microdialysis, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography.. Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 2004.
Wu HM, Huang SC, Hattori N, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, Yu CL, Hovda DA, Phelps ME, Bergsneider M. Selective metabolic reduction in gray matter acutely following human traumatic brain injury.. Journal of neurotrauma, 2004.
Hattori N, Huang SC, Wu HM, Yeh E, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, McArthur D, Phelps ME, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M. Correlation of regional metabolic rates of glucose with glasgow coma scale after traumatic brain injury.. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2003.
Glenn TC, Kelly DF, Boscardin WJ, McArthur DL, Vespa P, Oertel M, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M, Hillered L, Martin NA. Energy dysfunction as a predictor of outcome after moderate or severe head injury: indices of oxygen, glucose, and lactate metabolism.. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2003.
Vespa PM, McArthur D, O'Phelan K, Glenn T, Etchepare M, Kelly D, Bergsneider M, Martin NA, Hovda DA. Persistently low extracellular glucose correlates with poor outcome 6 months after human traumatic brain injury despite a lack of increased lactate: a microdialysis study.. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2003.
Wu HM, Bergsneider M, Glenn TC, Yeh E, Hovda DA, Phelps ME, Huang SC. Measurement of the global lumped constant for 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose in normal human brain using [15O]water and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography imaging. A method with validation based on multiple methodologies.. Molecular imaging and biology, 2003.
Hattori N, Huang SC, Wu HM, Liao W, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, Phelps ME, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M. PET investigation of post-traumatic cerebral blood volume and blood flow.. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2003.
Vespa PM, Boscardin WJ, Hovda DA, McArthur DL, Nuwer MR, Martin NA, Nenov V, Glenn TC, Bergsneider M, Kelly DF, Becker DP. Early and persistent impaired percent alpha variability on continuous electroencephalography monitoring as predictive of poor outcome after traumatic brain injury.. Journal of neurosurgery, 2002.
Gravori T, Steineke T, Bergsneider M. Endoscopic removal of cisternal neurocysticercal cysts. Technical note.. Neurosurgical focus, 2002.
Zhou Y, Huang SC, Bergsneider M, Wong DF. Improved parametric image generation using spatial-temporal analysis of dynamic PET studies.. NeuroImage, 2002.
Vespa P, Martin NA, Nenov V, Glenn T, Bergsneider M, Kelly D, Becker DP, Hovda DA. Delayed increase in extracellular glycerol with post-traumatic electrographic epileptic activity: support for the theory that seizures induce secondary injury.. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2002.
Cook SW, Bergsneider M. Why valve opening pressure plays a relatively minor role in the postural ICP response to ventricular shunts in normal pressure hydrocephalus: modeling and implications.. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2002.
Bergsneider M. Evolving concepts of cerebrospinal fluid physiology.. Neurosurgery clinics of North America, 2001.
Bergsneider M, Hovda DA, McArthur DL, Etchepare M, Huang SC, Sehati N, Satz P, Phelps ME, Becker DP. Metabolic recovery following human traumatic brain injury based on FDG-PET: time course and relationship to neurological disability.. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 2001.
Bergsneider M. Management of hydrocephalus with programmable valves after traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage.. Current opinion in neurology, 2000.
Bergsneider M, Hovda DA, Lee SM, Kelly DF, McArthur DL, Vespa PM, Lee JH, Huang SC, Martin NA, Phelps ME, Becker DP. Dissociation of cerebral glucose metabolism and level of consciousness during the period of metabolic depression following human traumatic brain injury.. Journal of neurotrauma, 2000.
Bergsneider M, Holly LT, Lee JH, King WA, Frazee JG. Endoscopic management of cysticercal cysts within the lateral and third ventricles.. Journal of neurosurgery, 2000.
Vespa PM, Nuwer MR, Nenov V, Ronne-Engstrom E, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M, Kelly DF, Martin NA, Becker DP. Increased incidence and impact of nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury as detected by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring.. Journal of neurosurgery, 1999.
Bergsneider M, Peacock WJ, Mazziotta JC, Becker DP. Beneficial effect of siphoning in treatment of adult hydrocephalus.. Archives of neurology, 1999.
Bergsneider M. Endoscopic removal of cysticercal cysts within the fourth ventricle. Technical note.. Journal of neurosurgery, 1999.
King WA, Ullman JS, Frazee JG, Post KD, Bergsneider M. Endoscopic resection of colloid cysts: surgical considerations using the rigid endoscope.. Neurosurgery, 1999.
Bergsneider M, Holly LT, Lee JH, King WA, Frazee JG. Endoscopic management of cysticercal cysts within the lateral and third ventricles.. Neurosurgical focus, 1999.
Bergsneider M. Endoscopic removal of cysticercal cysts within the fourth ventricle: technique and results.. Neurosurgical focus, 1999.
Satz P, Forney DL, Zaucha K, Asarnow RR, Light R, McCleary C, Levin H, Kelly D, Bergsneider M, Hovda D, Martin N, Namerow N, Becker D. Depression, cognition, and functional correlates of recovery outcome after traumatic brain injury.. Brain injury, 1998.
Satz P, Zaucha K, Forney DL, McCleary C, Asarnow RF, Light R, Levin H, Kelly D, Bergsneider M, Hovda D, Martin N, Caron MJ, Namerow N, Becker D. Neuropsychological, psychosocial and vocational correlates of the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months post-injury: a study of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury patients.. Brain injury, 1998.
Bergsneider M, Alwan AA, Falkson L, Rubinstein EH. The relationship of pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid flow to cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure: a new theoretical model.. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 1998.
Kelly DF, Martin NA, Kordestani R, Counelis G, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M, McBride DQ, Shalmon E, Herman D, Becker DP. Cerebral blood flow as a predictor of outcome following traumatic brain injury.. Journal of neurosurgery, 1997.
Frazze JG, King WA, De Salles AA, Bergsneider M. Endoscopic-assisted clipping of cerebral aneurysms.. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 1997.
Bergsneider M, Hovda DA, Shalmon E, Kelly DF, Vespa PM, Martin NA, Phelps ME, McArthur DL, Caron MJ, Kraus JF, Becker DP. Cerebral hyperglycolysis following severe traumatic brain injury in humans: a positron emission tomography study.. Journal of neurosurgery, 1997.
Kelly DF, Kordestani RK, Martin NA, Nguyen T, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M, McArthur DL, Becker DP. Hyperemia following traumatic brain injury: relationship to intracranial hypertension and outcome.. Journal of neurosurgery, 1996.
Hovda DA, Lee SM, Smith ML, Von Stuck S, Bergsneider M, Kelly D, Shalmon E, Martin N, Caron M, Mazziotta J. The neurochemical and metabolic cascade following brain injury: moving from animal models to man.. Journal of neurotrauma, 1995.
Bergsneider M, Becker DP. Vascular compression syndrome of the vestibular nerve: a critical analysis.. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1995.
Bergsneider M, Frazee JG, DeSalles AA. Thalamostriate artery aneurysm within the third ventricle. Case report.. Journal of neurosurgery, 1994.